Drug Nomenclature Synonyms: E337; Kálium-nátrium-tartarát; Kalii Natrii Tartras; Kalio-natrio tartratas; Kalium Natrium Tartaricum; Kaliumnatriumtartraatti; Kaliumnatriumtartrat; Potassium Sodium Tartrate; Rochelle Salt; Seignette Salt; Sodii et Potassii Tartras; Sodium Potassium Tartrate; Tartarus Natronatus; Tartrato de potasio y de sodio; Vinan draselno-sodný Molecular formula: C4H4KNaO6,4H2O =282.2 CAS: 304-59-6 (anhydrous sodium potassium tartrate); 6381-59-5 (sodium potassium tartrate tetrahydrate); 6100-16-9 (sodium potassium tartrate tetrahydrate) Pharmacopoeias. In Europe and US. European Pharmacopoeia, 6th ed. (Potassium Sodium Tartrate Tetrahydrate). A white or almost white, crystalline powder or colourless transparent crystals. Very soluble in water practically insoluble in alcohol. The United States Pharmacopeia 31, 2008 (Potassium Sodium Tartrate). Colourless crystals or a white, crystalline powder, with a cooling, saline taste. It effloresces slightly in warm dry air, the crystals often being coated with a white powder. Soluble 1 in 1 of water practically Read more [...]

Drug Nomenclature Synonyms: Purified Cream of Tartar; E336; Hydrogenvinan draselný; Kálium-hidrogén-tartarát; Kalii Hydrogenotartras; Kalio-vandenilio tartratas; Kalium Hydrotartaricum; Kaliumvätetartrat; Kaliumvetytartraatti; Potassium Hydrogen Tartrate; Tartarus Depuratus; Tartrato ácido de potasio; Weinstein USAN: Potassium Bitartrate Molecular formula: C4H5KO6 =188.2 CAS: 868-14-4 ATC code: A12BA03 Pharmacopoeias. In Europe and US. European Pharmacopoeia, 6th ed. (Potassium Hydrogen Tartrate). A white or almost white, crystalline powder or colourless crystals. Slightly soluble in water practically insoluble in alcohol. It dissolves in dilute solutions of mineral acids and alkali hydroxides. The United States Pharmacopeia 31, 2008(Potassium Bitartrate). Colourless or slightly opaque crystals or a white, crystalline powder. Slightly soluble in water soluble in boiling water very slightly soluble in alcohol. A saturated solution is acid to litmus. Store in airtight containers. Profile Potassium acid tartrate is given with sodium bicarbonate as a suppository for the Read more [...]

Drug Approvals (British Approved Name, rINN) International Nonproprietary Names (INNs) in main languages (French, Latin, and Spanish): Synonyms: Dihydroxyphthalophenone; Fenolftaleína; Fenolftalein; Fenolftaleinas; Fenoliftaleiini; Phenolphtaleinum; Phenolphthaleinum BAN: Phenolphthalein INN: Phenolphthalein [rINN (en)] INN: Fenolftaleína [rINN (es)] INN: Phénolphtaléine [rINN (fr)] INN: Phenolphthaleinum [rINN (la)] INN: Фенолфталеин [rINN (ru)] Chemical name: 3,3-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)phthalide Molecular formula: C20H14O4 =318.3 CAS: 77-09-8 ATC code: A06AB04 Pharmacopoeias. In China, and Europe. European Pharmacopoeia, 6th ed. (Phenolphthalein). A white or almost white powder. Practically insoluble in water soluble in alcohol. Protect from light. Adverse Effects and Precautions As for Bisacodyl. Hypersensitivity reactions, usually as skin rashes or eruptions, have occurred with phenolphthalein. Phenolphthalein may cause pink discoloration of alkaline urine. Tumours have occurred in rats and mice given very high doses of phenolphthalein there does Read more [...]

Drug Nomenclature Synonyms: E553(a); Magnézium-triszilikát; Magnesii Trisilicas; Magnesio, trisilicato de; Magnesiumtrisilikaatti; Magnesiumtrisilikat; Magnio trisilikatas; Trikřemičitan hořečnatý CAS: 14987-04-3 (anhydrous magnesium trisilicate); 39365-87-2 (magnesium trisilicate hydrate) Read code: y03Lm Description. Magnesium trisilicate is a hydrated magnesium silicate. The code E553(a) has been applied to both magnesium silicate and to magnesium trisilicate. Pharmacopoeias. In China, Europe, US. European Pharmacopoeia, 6th ed. (Magnesium Trisilicate). It has a variable composition corresponding approximately to the formula Mg2Si3O8,xH20 containing not less than 29% of magnesium oxide and not less than the equivalent of 65% of silicon dioxide, both calculated with reference to the ignited substance. A white or almost white powder. Practically insoluble in water and in alcohol. The United States Pharmacopeia 31, 2008 (Magnesium Trisilicate). A compound of magnesium oxide and silicon dioxide with varying proportions of water. It contains not less than 20% of magnesium oxide Read more [...]

Drug Nomenclature Synonyms: Bázisos magnézium-karbonát; E504; Magnesii Subcarbonas; Magnesio, carbonato de; Magnesiumsubkarbonaatti; Magnesiumsubkarbonat; Magnio subkarbonatas; Uhličitan hořečnatý zásaditý CAS: 546-93-0 (anhydrous magnesium carbonate); 23389-33-5 (hydrated normal magnesium carbonate); 39409-82-0 (hydrated basic magnesium carbonate) ATC code: A02AA01; A06AD01 Read code: y03Lk; y06v0 Pharmacopoeias. In China, Europe, Japan, US. Some pharmacopoeias include a single monograph that permits both the light and heavy varieties while some have 2 separate monographs for the 2 varieties. European Pharmacopoeia, 6th ed. (Magnesium Carbonate, Heavy Magnesii Subcarbonas Ponderosus). A hydrated basic magnesium carbonate containing the equivalent of 40 to 45% of MgO. A white or almost white powder. 15 ghas an apparent volume before settling of not more than 60 mL. Practically insoluble in water dissolves in dilute acids with strong effervescence. European Pharmacopoeia, 6th ed. (Magnesium Carbonate, Light Magnesii Subcarbonas Levis). A hydrated basic magnesium carbonate Read more [...]

Drug Nomenclature Synonyms: E530; Magnesii Oxidum; Magnesio, óxido de; Magnesiumoksidi; Magnesiumoxid; Magnio oksidas; Nehéz magnézium; Oxid hořečnatý Molecular formula: MgO =40.30 CAS: 1309-48-4 ATC code: A02AA02; A06AD02; A12CC10 Pharmacopoeias. In China, Europe, International., Japan, US. Some pharmacopoeias include a single monograph that permits both the light and heavy varieties while some have 2 separate monographs for the 2 varieties. European Pharmacopoeia, 6th ed. (Magnesium Oxide, Heavy Magnesii Oxidum Ponderosum). A fine, white or almost white powder. 15 ghas an apparent volume before settling of not more than 60 mL. Practically insoluble in water dissolves in dilute acids with at most slight effervescence. European Pharmacopoeia, 6th ed. (Magnesium Oxide, Light Magnesii Oxidum Leve). A fine, white or almost white, amorphous powder. 15 g has an apparent volume before settling of at least 100 mL. Practically insoluble in water dissolves in dilute acids with at most slight effervescence. The United States Pharmacopeia 31, 2008 (Magnesium Oxide). A very bulky, white Read more [...]

Magnesium hydroxide is also given as an osmotic laxative in oral doses of about 2 to 5 g. Preparations United Kingdom: Milk of Magnesia; United States: Dulcolax; Milk of Magnesia; Phillips' Chewable; Phillips' Milk of Magnesia Drug Nomenclature Synonyms: E528; Hydroxid hořečnatý; Magnézium-hidroxid; Magnesii Hydroxidum; Magnesio, hidróxido de; Magnesium Hydrate; Magnesiumhydroksidi; Magnesiumhydroxid; Magnio hidroksidas Molecular formula: Mg(OH)2 =58.32 CAS: 1309-42-8 ATC code: A02AA04; G04BX01 Read code: y01SB [Laxative]; y03Lp Note. Compounded preparations of magnesium hydroxide may be represented by the following names: • Co-magaldrox x/y (BAN) — where x and_y are the strengths in milligrams of magnesium hydroxide and aluminium hydroxide respectively. Pharmacopoeias. In Europe, International, US. European Pharmacopoeia, 6th ed. (Magnesium Hydroxide). A fine white or almost white amorphous powder. Practically insoluble in water dissolves in dilute acids. A solution in water is alkaline to phenol-phthalein. The United States Pharmacopeia 31, 2008 (Magnesium Read more [...]

Drug Nomenclature Molecular formula: C12H10Mg3O14 =451.1 CAS: 3344-18-1 ATC code: A06AD19; A12CC04; B05CB03 Read code: y01SE Pharmacopoeias. In Europe and US. European Pharmacopoeia, 6th ed. (Magnesium Citrate, Anhydrous). A white or almost white, fine, slightly hygroscopic powder. Soluble in water practically insoluble in alcohol. It dissolves in dilute hydrochloric acid. Store in non-metallic, airtight containers. The United States Pharmacopeia 31, 2008 (Magnesium Citrate). A 5% suspension in water has a pH of 5.0 to 9.0. Store in airtight containers. Profile Magnesium citrate is an osmotic laxative used as a bowel evacuant before investigational procedures or surgery of the colon. Dosages have ranged from about 11 to 25 g of magnesium citrate. In the UK, an aqueous solution containing magnesium citrate is prepared from a sachet (Citramag) containing about 11.6 g of magnesium carbonate and about 17.8 g of anhydrous citric acid by mixing with 200 mL of hot water. After the solution has cooled, one dose (the contents of one sachet) is taken by mouth at 8 a.m. the day before Read more [...]

Drug Nomenclature Synonyms: Bolus Alba; Caolín; E559; Kaoliini; Kaolin; Kaolinas; Kaolinum; Weisser Ton CAS: 1332-58-7 ATC code: A07BC02 Pharmacopoeias. In China, Europe, International, Japan, US. Some pharmacopoeias do not differentiate between the heavy and light varieties. European Pharmacopoeia, 6th ed. (Kaolin, Heavy). A purified, natural, hydrated aluminium silicate of variable composition. It is a fine, white or greyish-white, unctuous powder. Practically insoluble in water and in organic solvents. BP 2008 (Light Kaolin). A native hydrated aluminium silicate, freed from most of its impurities by elutriation, and dried. It contains a suitable dispersing agent. It is a light, white, odourless or almost odourless, unctuous powder free from gritty particles. Practically insoluble in water and in mineral acids. The BP 2008 directs that when Kaolin or Light Kaolin is prescribed or demanded, Light Kaolin shall be dispensed or supplied, unless it is ascertained that Light Kaolin (Natural) is required. BP 2008 (Light Kaolin (Natural)). It is Light Kaolin which does not contain a dispersing Read more [...]

IBS — Irritable Bowel Syndrome Diagnosis and Definition Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic intestinal disorder characterized by abdominal discomfort and altered bowel habits. These symptoms occur in the absence of "structural or biochemical abnormalities." It is estimated that up to 20% of the population of the United States has symptoms suggestive of IBS. Multiple comorbidities, the high cost of medical utilization, and diminished productivity and quality of life all may be found in association with irritable bowel syndrome. Despite extensive research, there is no specific test that can diagnose this condition. In clinical practice, a diagnosis of IBS is accomplished after performing a careful medical history, including a system assessment using established diagnostic criteria, a complete physical examination, and limited laboratory testing. A flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy is often suggested; the choice of these evaluations depends on the age and risk factors of the individual patient. The clinician must carefully assess the patient for any signs and symptoms of organic Read more [...]